Introduction
Clinical Neurophysiology may sound like a complex term, but in simple words, it is the medical field that studies how the nervous system works — using advanced tests to measure the brain, nerves, and muscles. It plays a central role in diagnosing and managing many neurological conditions such as epilepsy, nerve injuries, and sleep disorders.
What is Clinical Neurophysiology?
Clinical neurophysiology is a medical specialty that combines neurology and physiology. It focuses on the functional assessment of the nervous system. Unlike brain scans (MRI, CT) which show structure, neurophysiological tests show how the nervous system actually works in real time.
Main Neurophysiological Tests
1. Electroencephalography (EEG)
Records the brain’s electrical activity.
Used in epilepsy, coma, brain monitoring, and sleep disorders.
Safe, painless, and non-invasive.
2. Electromyography (EMG)
Tests muscle and nerve function with small electrodes.
Helps detect neuromuscular disorders like myopathy or neuropathy.
3. Nerve Conduction Studies (NCS)
Measures the speed and strength of electrical signals in nerves.
Commonly used in carpal tunnel syndrome, neuropathies, and radiculopathies.
4. Polysomnography (Sleep Study)
Monitors brain waves, breathing, and movements during sleep.
Essential for diagnosing sleep apnea and other sleep-related problems.
5. Evoked Potentials
Measure the brain’s response to sensory stimuli (visual, auditory, or somatosensory).
Useful in conditions like multiple sclerosis.
Why is Clinical Neurophysiology Important?
Provides early diagnosis for neurological disorders.
Helps monitor treatment effectiveness.
Bridges the gap between symptoms, imaging, and final diagnosis.
Improves patient care through accurate functional evaluation.
Who Performs These Tests?
Clinical neurophysiological tests are performed by specialized doctors called clinical neurophysiologists, often assisted by trained technologists.
FAQ
Is neurophysiology the same as neurology?
No. Neurology is the broader field that treats brain and nerve diseases. Neurophysiology focuses on specialized tests to measure nervous system function.
Are these tests painful?
Most tests are painless (like EEG, sleep studies). EMG may cause mild discomfort due to tiny needle electrodes.
